Improvement in bakers  ovens



(6') GEORGE E BAILEY.

PATENT Qrrrcri.

GEORGE E. BAILEY, OF MANSFIELD, MASSACHUSETTS.

IMPROVEMENT IN BAKERS OVENS.

Speciication forming part of Letters Patent No. 121,573, dated December5, 1871.

To all whom it may concern: g

Be it known that I, GEORGE E. BAILEY, of Mansfield, in the county ofBristol and State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Ovens 5 and that the following is a full, clear, andexact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanyingdrawing.

These improvements relate more particularly to ovens intended for thebaking of bread, crackers, cake, and other articles of food, although anoven constructed according thereto is susceptible of use for drying andother purposes.

Heretofore the ovens most in common use, for the baking of crackers andbread more especially, have been constructed to be heated by making theoven-chamber the combustion-chamber, requiring a withdrawalof the debrisor cinders from the oven before inserting the material to be baked. Tosuch ovens there are many objections, among which may be mentioned thatmuch time is lost; that a large amount of fuel is required, owing to thefact that a heat must be given to the oven much above what is actuallyrequired to compensate for the heat lost on withdrawing i the cinders;that the heat throughout the oven is not even, it being the greatest atthe upper portion of the oven, thus producing an uneven baking of thebread or crackers, and causing, to a greater or less degree, thebrowning or burning of the upper side of the bread or crackers, or, inother words, a very uneven baking. To overcome these several objectionshas been the object of many inventions heretofore invented and patented7among which it maybe well to refer to ovens having'a wheel,if it may beso called, adapted to receive the bread or crackers to be baked, and tobe revolved by power, so as to subject the saine to ther heat of theoven at the varying degrees therein 5 and also to refer to ovens havingthe fire-chamber within it, but bounded by walls, the oven more or lesssurrounding it; and also to ovens in which the fire-pot is below but atits upper side in direct contact with the oven tloor, in both of whichlatter cases, however, an uneven diffusion of the heat is the result.

The main object of this invention is to secure a uniform heat throughoutthe oven-chamberthat is, securing no greater heat at the bottom than atthe top-and, in addition thereto, so arranging the heating apparatus asto economize fuel and time in the running of the oven. Under thisinvention the oven proper is constructed in any of the ordinarymodes-that is, of brick or masonry-provided with a door or doorssuitably arranged for convenience to enter the same. The tire-chamberproper is outside of and at the front portion of the oven, within achamber constructed under the whole extent ofthe oven iioor separatingit from the re-pot. This chamber containing the tire-pot is incommunication with the fire-pot through apertures in the walls to thefire-pot, and also with the oven proper at the rear end of theoven-door, which is there left open; and the fire-pot, in addition tothe above communication with the oven-chamber, is connected therewith byiiues or passages leading direct from it through the chamber in which itis arranged to the rear open portion of the oven-licor. These passages,in their length, are closed to the chamber containing' the tire-pot, andare provided with suitable dampers, and are entirely tree and clear ofthe oven-floor. The chamber containing the tire-pot is constructed withits tloor on an inclination from the boundaries of the oven-licor towardthe iire-pot proper.

In the accompanying drawing my improvements in ovens are illustrated,Figure 1 being a horizontal section through the oven-chamber; Fig. 2, atransverse vertical section in plane of line a: x, Fig. l, Fig. 3, acentral vertical longitudinal section in plane ot' line y y, Fig. l.

A in the drawing represents an outer casing, which may be made of brickor other masonry, or of any other suitable material; B, the ovenchamberproper, located within the upper portion of the masonry A, and made withan interior-arched top, C, and with a horizontal licor, D, constructed,by preference, of tiles and soapstone, as ordinarily; J, door forentering oven B 5 F, a chamber within the masonry A below the tloor D tothe oven B, and between this chamber F and the oven B there is an openand free communication at the rear of oven-door G, E, the fire-pot,arranged by its walls within the chamber F at the front thereof. Thisre-pot is considerably less in width than the chamber F, and onlyextends toward the rear of the chamber for a portion of its depth. Thenre-pot E is closed upon its upper side, and between its upper side andthe oven the chamber F extends unobstructed and it is furthermore uponits sides made with apertures a, making a communication between thelire-pot E and the chamber F. K, door opening into tire-pot; I, ash-pit;and L, its door. M, a door opening into chamber F and into the portionthereof between the top of the lirepot and bottom of the oven-floor; G,the Hoor to chamber F, which iloor is made inclining from the boundariesof the ovelroor to the walls of the lire-pot E 5 N, pipes or passagesleading from the tire-pot to the corners, or nearly so, oi' the opening0 along the rear oi' the oven-door; and H, damper-slides in saidpassages N, which passages are entirely distinct and separate from andnot in contact with the oven-door. l, the escapeue at the front end andupper portion o' oven B.

Vith the dampers Il to the passages N open, the operation of the ovenconstructed as above described is as follows: The products oi'colnbustion pass through the passages N to the ovenehamber, escapingmore or less into the chamber below the oven-Hoor, and from it passinginto the oven, imparting in both instances heat to the oven-in the 011einstance by entering the oven, passing upward and following its top,heating1 the upper portion of the oven; and in the other through theoven-iioor, heating the bottom portion ofthe oven, the describedinclination of the fioor to the chamber, as is obvious, causing theproducts of combustion to be the more thoroughly and perfectly thrown incontact with theoven- 110er. When the dampers H are closed the productsof combustion pass through the apertures a of the fire-pot into thechamber below the ovenchamber, whence, through the inclination of thelicor, they escape, as described, and are brought more directly andperfectly in contact with the oven-tloor, tlowing, finally, into theoven-chamber through the open space at the rear, and thence to theescape-Hue.

Among many advantages secured by my invention maybe mentioned thefollowing: That fuel is saved; that the oven can be used continuously,not requiring to be reheated; that a uniform heat can be obtainedthrough the whole surface ofthe oven; that it is adapted for all kindsot' baking, bread, cake, c 1ackers, ste.; that it is simple and requiresno power, as with other ovens, to run it.

Having thus described my iuventiomwhat l claim, and desire to secure byLetters Patent, 1s-

l. The combination of the oven B and firepot E, when the re-pot is belowthe oven, with an air-space between them, and is connected to the ovenby iiues or pipes N, substantially as described, for the purposespecified.

2. The combination of the lire-pot E, oven B, and chamber F aboutfirep0t E, said chamber F being in (mmmuncation with the {ire-pot andhaving an inclined lioor, G, substantially as and for the purposedescribed.

The above specification of my invention signed by me this 18th day ofJuly, A. D. 1871.

GEORGE E. BAILEY.

Witnesses:

EDWIN W. BROWN, J. P. MCELROY.

